With positive/negative reinforcement and punishment, correct timing is essential. The reward/punishment must be given immediately after the behavior occurs or your pet may not associate the reward with the right action.

Positive reinforcement is any stimulus (for example, a reward)
that increases the likelihood of a desired behavior. It is one of your most powerful tools for shaping or changing your dog's behavior.

Negative reinforcement is any stimulus (for example, removing something aversive) that decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur again in the future.

Punishment is anything that decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur.